[publication] The Developing Bodily Self

This entry was posted in Uncategorized on August 10, 2020 by lene.

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I am a psychologist, educator and psychotherapist in training. My expertise is in clinical psychology, mental health, developmental psychology, embodiment, early childhood and trauma in adults.

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Psychologist, psychotherapist in training and educator specialising in embodiment, early childhood & childhood trauma in adults. 🇬🇧🇸🇪🇩🇪 PhD @UU_university

Dr. Janna Gottwald @JannaGottwald·

19 May

Today, I had the pleasure to give a lecture on early motor development as part of a PhD course led by @HeijtzRochellys & Janina Neufeld @karolinskainst. First in-person teaching since felt forever. Feeling inspired and happy after discussing research ☺️ This is the good stuff!

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Karla Holmboe @KarlaHolmboe·

19 May

Final version now out! 🙂

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119241

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In her groundbreaking book “Trauma and Recovery”, Judith Herman emphasises that recovery has to begin with establishing safety.

Her three stage model of trauma recovery includes

1️⃣ Safety,
2️⃣ Remembrance and mourning, and
3️⃣ Reconnection.

“Safety always begins with the body. If a person does not feel safe in her body, she does not feel safe anywhere.” Here, co-regulation of the dysregulated autonomic nervous system in a safe and trusting relationship is key.

These experiences of safety in a trusting relationships however are a challenge for trauma survivors: “The paradox and challenge of psychotherapy with trauma survivors is that it requires a trusting relationship as its foundation, yet with people whose trust has been profoundly violated, building trust must be a goal rather than a precondition of treatment.”

This paradox process takes time, entails a lot of back and forth, and the necessarily encountered ruptures need repair within the therapeutic relationship. Trauma therapy means long-term treatment. “Obviously, everyone would like to have a brief, simple, inexpensive treatment that is also effective”, remarks Herman, “but wishing, alas does not make it so.”

It takes time, but it is possible to overcome toxic shame, intolerable feelings and to finally develop deep and fulfilling connections with others. “Witnessing the lives transformed in this process of recovery is what enables us old-timers, the practitioners of ‘plain old therapy’, to keep on going on”, concludes Herman.

📖 Judith Herman: Trauma and Recovery.

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❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

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In her groundbreaking book “Trauma and Recovery”, Judith Herman emphasises that recovery has to begin with establishing safety. Her three stage model of trauma recovery includes 1️⃣ Safety, 2️⃣ Remembrance and mourning, and 3️⃣ Reconnection. “Safety always begins with the body. If a person does not feel safe in her body, she does not feel safe anywhere.” Here, co-regulation of the dysregulated autonomic nervous system in a safe and trusting relationship is key. These experiences of safety in a trusting relationships however are a challenge for trauma survivors: “The paradox and challenge of psychotherapy with trauma survivors is that it requires a trusting relationship as its foundation, yet with people whose trust has been profoundly violated, building trust must be a goal rather than a precondition of treatment.” This paradox process takes time, entails a lot of back and forth, and the necessarily encountered ruptures need repair within the therapeutic relationship. Trauma therapy means long-term treatment. “Obviously, everyone would like to have a brief, simple, inexpensive treatment that is also effective”, remarks Herman, “but wishing, alas does not make it so.” It takes time, but it is possible to overcome toxic shame, intolerable feelings and to finally develop deep and fulfilling connections with others. “Witnessing the lives transformed in this process of recovery is what enables us old-timers, the practitioners of ‘plain old therapy’, to keep on going on”, concludes Herman. 📖 Judith Herman: Trauma and Recovery. ❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed. ❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

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Bessel van der Kolk @bessel_van writes in “The body keeps the score” @thebodykeepsthescore about the essence of the therapeutic relationship that comes with self-discovery of the childhood trauma survivor: “Finding words where words were absent before and, as a result, being able to share your deepest pain and deepest feelings with another human being. This is one of the most profound experiences we can have, and such resonance, in which hitherto unspoken words can be discovered, uttered, and received, is fundamental to healing the isolation of trauma - especially if other people in our lives have ignored or silenced us. Communicating fully is the opposite of being traumatized.”

Connection is the antidote to the isolation of trauma. Sharing our experience and be witnessed by an accepting and empathic other is crucial in the healing of trauma. Connecting with a present other helps also with acknowledging ourselves what happened to us and how it impacted us.

Having a compassionate witness, being witnessed and truly seen makes resilience and therewith post traumatic growth possible. In this context, I’d like to point out Alice Miller’s work. She highlights how important compassionate witnesses are for children, who are not sufficiently seen by their caregivers and/or experienced abused. These can be empathic teachers, librarians or other safe adults in the child’s life. Later in adulthood, a therapist can be this witness too. And from an IFS-perspective, we ourselves become the witness to our story: The Self witnesses the exiled part, the inner wounded child.

This is the way out of the isolation of trauma.

📖 Bessel van der Kolk (2014). The body keeps the score: Mind, brain and body in the transformation of trauma.

📖 Alice Miller (1997). The drama of the gifted child.

📖 Alice Miller (2005). The Body Never Lies: The Lingering Effects of Hurtful Parenting.

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❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

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Bessel van der Kolk @bessel_van writes in “The body keeps the score” @thebodykeepsthescore about the essence of the therapeutic relationship that comes with self-discovery of the childhood trauma survivor: “Finding words where words were absent before and, as a result, being able to share your deepest pain and deepest feelings with another human being. This is one of the most profound experiences we can have, and such resonance, in which hitherto unspoken words can be discovered, uttered, and received, is fundamental to healing the isolation of trauma - especially if other people in our lives have ignored or silenced us. Communicating fully is the opposite of being traumatized.” Connection is the antidote to the isolation of trauma. Sharing our experience and be witnessed by an accepting and empathic other is crucial in the healing of trauma. Connecting with a present other helps also with acknowledging ourselves what happened to us and how it impacted us. Having a compassionate witness, being witnessed and truly seen makes resilience and therewith post traumatic growth possible. In this context, I’d like to point out Alice Miller’s work. She highlights how important compassionate witnesses are for children, who are not sufficiently seen by their caregivers and/or experienced abused. These can be empathic teachers, librarians or other safe adults in the child’s life. Later in adulthood, a therapist can be this witness too. And from an IFS-perspective, we ourselves become the witness to our story: The Self witnesses the exiled part, the inner wounded child. This is the way out of the isolation of trauma. 📖 Bessel van der Kolk (2014). The body keeps the score: Mind, brain and body in the transformation of trauma. 📖 Alice Miller (1997). The drama of the gifted child. 📖 Alice Miller (2005). The Body Never Lies: The Lingering Effects of Hurtful Parenting. ❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed. ❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

1 week ago

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“The narrative of developmental trauma is primarily a somatic narrative”, write Kathy Kain and Stephen Terrell.

Developmental trauma origins from the first 3 to 5 years of life, where memory works differently than in later years. The brain is developing rapidly during these early years and episodic memory starts earliest around year 3.

This high plasticity and adaptability of our nervous system also comes with downsides - trauma during the early years has a profound impact on the developing child and therewith the later adult.

It is not surprising, that many people have no clear verbal narrative to their developmental trauma. The memories show up in their behaviour, relationships and emotional flashbacks instead. The memories show up somatically, as motor or procedural memory. Developmental trauma can be somatically linked to pain or autoimmune diseases.

📖 Kathy Kain & Stephen Terrell (2012). Nurturing Resilence: Helping clients move forward from developmental trauma. An integrity somatic approach.

❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed.

❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

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•

“The narrative of developmental trauma is primarily a somatic narrative”, write Kathy Kain and Stephen Terrell. Developmental trauma origins from the first 3 to 5 years of life, where memory works differently than in later years. The brain is developing rapidly during these early years and episodic memory starts earliest around year 3. This high plasticity and adaptability of our nervous system also comes with downsides - trauma during the early years has a profound impact on the developing child and therewith the later adult. It is not surprising, that many people have no clear verbal narrative to their developmental trauma. The memories show up in their behaviour, relationships and emotional flashbacks instead. The memories show up somatically, as motor or procedural memory. Developmental trauma can be somatically linked to pain or autoimmune diseases. 📖 Kathy Kain & Stephen Terrell (2012). Nurturing Resilence: Helping clients move forward from developmental trauma. An integrity somatic approach. ❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed. ❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

4 weeks ago

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„The most basic definition of developmental trauma: when we were young, bad things happened, and those who should have been there to help and care for us could not, or did not, help us navigate the situation“, write Kathy Kain and Stephen Terrell about trauma narratives in their book on developmental trauma.

It is not only the frightening experience of helplessness that makes up the traumatic experience, but also the experience that an important person did not help or protect the young child.

There are different reasons, why caregivers don’t help, continue Kain and Terrell, and why they “couldn’t, wouldn’t, or didn’t comfort us, protect us, love us.” It could be that they “tried to help but did not succeed; [there are] different ways our care providers were instead the source of fear and pain.”

📖 Kathy Kain & Stephen Terrell (2012). Nurturing Resilence: Helping clients move forward from developmental trauma. An integrity somatic approach.

❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed.

❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

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•

„The most basic definition of developmental trauma: when we were young, bad things happened, and those who should have been there to help and care for us could not, or did not, help us navigate the situation“, write Kathy Kain and Stephen Terrell about trauma narratives in their book on developmental trauma. It is not only the frightening experience of helplessness that makes up the traumatic experience, but also the experience that an important person did not help or protect the young child. There are different reasons, why caregivers don’t help, continue Kain and Terrell, and why they “couldn’t, wouldn’t, or didn’t comfort us, protect us, love us.” It could be that they “tried to help but did not succeed; [there are] different ways our care providers were instead the source of fear and pain.” 📖 Kathy Kain & Stephen Terrell (2012). Nurturing Resilence: Helping clients move forward from developmental trauma. An integrity somatic approach. ❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed. ❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

1 month ago

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4/9

„For children who have experienced early trauma, we know that one of their greatest needs is to be seen, heard, and believed“, write Kathy Kain and Stephen Terrell in their book on developmental trauma.

This book written for clinicians covers modern attachment theory, knowledge on autonomic nervous system regulation, epigenetics and traumatic stress and the role of somatic work in therapeutic work with clients who’ve experienced developmental trauma.

Developmental trauma is trauma that occurred in the first 3 to 5 years of life, when the brain is rapidly developing and the child is especially dependent on adults for regulation, attunement and mirroring. Young children need safe relationships to their caregiver(s).

For adult clients with developmental trauma then, the “potential denial of the validity of their narratives can be an reenactment of earlier trauma experiences.”

That’s why validating the experience and the story of a developmental trauma survivor is especially important. The experience of being seen, heard, and believed can be a game-changer. These experiences are part of the attachment repair work in therapy.

📖 Kathy L. Kain & Stephen J. Terrell (2018). Nurturing Resilience: Helping clients move forward from developmental trauma. An integrative somatic approach.

❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed.

❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

janna.gottwald

•

„For children who have experienced early trauma, we know that one of their greatest needs is to be seen, heard, and believed“, write Kathy Kain and Stephen Terrell in their book on developmental trauma. This book written for clinicians covers modern attachment theory, knowledge on autonomic nervous system regulation, epigenetics and traumatic stress and the role of somatic work in therapeutic work with clients who’ve experienced developmental trauma. Developmental trauma is trauma that occurred in the first 3 to 5 years of life, when the brain is rapidly developing and the child is especially dependent on adults for regulation, attunement and mirroring. Young children need safe relationships to their caregiver(s). For adult clients with developmental trauma then, the “potential denial of the validity of their narratives can be an reenactment of earlier trauma experiences.” That’s why validating the experience and the story of a developmental trauma survivor is especially important. The experience of being seen, heard, and believed can be a game-changer. These experiences are part of the attachment repair work in therapy. 📖 Kathy L. Kain & Stephen J. Terrell (2018). Nurturing Resilience: Helping clients move forward from developmental trauma. An integrative somatic approach. ❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed. ❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

1 month ago

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“Although it may seem that humans suffer from an endless number of emotional problems and challenges, most of these can be traced to early developmental and shock trauma”, write Laurence Heller and Aline LaPierre in their book on developmental trauma.

They go on, “For example, when children do not get the connection they need, they grow up both seeking and fearing connection. When children do not get their needs met, they do not learn to recognize what they need, are unable to express their needs, and often feel undeserving of having their needs met."

I am convinced that *a lot* of our psychological, psychosomatic and interpersonal struggles are grounded in wounds from our childhood and our unconscious strategies to handle these as also in our survival responses. However, I’m unsure if I’d go that far that “most” of our issues are based on trauma. In line with psychodynamic theories, I do think however, that our early years are very crucial for personality development and how we relate to ourselves and other people. Many of our psychological struggles can indeed be traced back to our early years.

What are your thoughts? Would love to hear from you!

📖 Laurence Heller & Aline Lapierre (2012). Healing Developmental Trauma: How Early Trauma Affects Self-Regulation, Self-Image, and the Capacity for Relationship.

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❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

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•

“Although it may seem that humans suffer from an endless number of emotional problems and challenges, most of these can be traced to early developmental and shock trauma”, write Laurence Heller and Aline LaPierre in their book on developmental trauma. They go on, “For example, when children do not get the connection they need, they grow up both seeking and fearing connection. When children do not get their needs met, they do not learn to recognize what they need, are unable to express their needs, and often feel undeserving of having their needs met." I am convinced that *a lot* of our psychological, psychosomatic and interpersonal struggles are grounded in wounds from our childhood and our unconscious strategies to handle these as also in our survival responses. However, I’m unsure if I’d go that far that “most” of our issues are based on trauma. In line with psychodynamic theories, I do think however, that our early years are very crucial for personality development and how we relate to ourselves and other people. Many of our psychological struggles can indeed be traced back to our early years. What are your thoughts? Would love to hear from you! 📖 Laurence Heller & Aline Lapierre (2012). Healing Developmental Trauma: How Early Trauma Affects Self-Regulation, Self-Image, and the Capacity for Relationship. ❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed. ❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

1 month ago

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6/9

On shame, confusion and toxicity in abusive relationships. This is a tough one! The quote by Cedar Barstow describes part of the complex dynamic very well and gives the gist of why and how shame is damaging.

“In the depths of the experience of shame, people are unable to determine whether they are abuser or abused, whether they have been hurt or caused hurt.”

Much of these interpersonal psychodynamic processes happen unconsciously and in this case, they clearly play into the hands of abusive people. It is easier to control a victim if they themselves take on a huge part of the shame and guilt over what happened to them - those feelings that originally belonged to the abuser. The perpetrator can free themselves of these aversive feelings by - metaphorically speaking - storing them in the victim. The latter then feels the shame and guilt - sometimes instead of the perpetrator. The perpetrator often tries to deny any feeling of shame or guilt.

The shame and the confusion about this twisted situation often mutes the victim and makes them question themselves and their reality.

Projection, projective identification and splitting are some of the processes that are at play here. The perpetrator and their victim are in a toxic bond.

This dynamic also explains why it can be so difficult to speak up after the experienced abuse. It explains why it can be so difficult to leave abusive relationships.

The way out of it starts by talking to people outside of this situation, outside of this relationship.

Btw. I can highly recommend Cedar Barstow’s book on ethics and power with heart in psychotherapy. Her book is not on trauma or abuse, but on how psychotherapists and other helping professionals can use their power consciously and wisely to serve our clients in the best way possible.

📖 Cedar Barstow (2005). Right use of power: The heart of ethics. Many Realms Publishing.

❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed.

❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

janna.gottwald

•

On shame, confusion and toxicity in abusive relationships. This is a tough one! The quote by Cedar Barstow describes part of the complex dynamic very well and gives the gist of why and how shame is damaging. “In the depths of the experience of shame, people are unable to determine whether they are abuser or abused, whether they have been hurt or caused hurt.” Much of these interpersonal psychodynamic processes happen unconsciously and in this case, they clearly play into the hands of abusive people. It is easier to control a victim if they themselves take on a huge part of the shame and guilt over what happened to them - those feelings that originally belonged to the abuser. The perpetrator can free themselves of these aversive feelings by - metaphorically speaking - storing them in the victim. The latter then feels the shame and guilt - sometimes instead of the perpetrator. The perpetrator often tries to deny any feeling of shame or guilt. The shame and the confusion about this twisted situation often mutes the victim and makes them question themselves and their reality. Projection, projective identification and splitting are some of the processes that are at play here. The perpetrator and their victim are in a toxic bond. This dynamic also explains why it can be so difficult to speak up after the experienced abuse. It explains why it can be so difficult to leave abusive relationships. The way out of it starts by talking to people outside of this situation, outside of this relationship. Btw. I can highly recommend Cedar Barstow’s book on ethics and power with heart in psychotherapy. Her book is not on trauma or abuse, but on how psychotherapists and other helping professionals can use their power consciously and wisely to serve our clients in the best way possible. 📖 Cedar Barstow (2005). Right use of power: The heart of ethics. Many Realms Publishing. ❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed. ❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

1 month ago

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7/9

Experiencing trauma often comes with disconnection from our body. During traumatising events and times, humans experience overwhelm and helplessness. The emotional and sometimes physical pain can get so much that we disconnect from our bodily experience and dissociate. The following experiences of strong traumatic responses to triggers can lead to further estrangement from our bodies.

Trauma recovery then means to reconnect with our body.

„A gift of trauma recovery is the rediscovery of the living, sensing, knowing body“, writes Peter Levine @drpeteralevine.

Getting in the body again, being embodied means reconnecting with the present moment and our experience. We get to be more flexible and spontaneous. Maybe for the first time in our life, play is possible and enjoyable!

„Trauma sufferers, in their healing journeys, learn to dissolve their rigid defenses. In this surrender they move from frozen fixity to gently thawing and, finally, free flow. In healing the divided self from its habitual mode of dissociation, they move from fragmentation to wholeness. In becoming embodied they return from their long exile. They come home to their bodies and know embodied life, as though for the first time.“

📖 Peter Levine (2010). In an Unspoken Voice: How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness.

❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed.

❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

janna.gottwald

•

Experiencing trauma often comes with disconnection from our body. During traumatising events and times, humans experience overwhelm and helplessness. The emotional and sometimes physical pain can get so much that we disconnect from our bodily experience and dissociate. The following experiences of strong traumatic responses to triggers can lead to further estrangement from our bodies. Trauma recovery then means to reconnect with our body. „A gift of trauma recovery is the rediscovery of the living, sensing, knowing body“, writes Peter Levine @drpeteralevine. Getting in the body again, being embodied means reconnecting with the present moment and our experience. We get to be more flexible and spontaneous. Maybe for the first time in our life, play is possible and enjoyable! „Trauma sufferers, in their healing journeys, learn to dissolve their rigid defenses. In this surrender they move from frozen fixity to gently thawing and, finally, free flow. In healing the divided self from its habitual mode of dissociation, they move from fragmentation to wholeness. In becoming embodied they return from their long exile. They come home to their bodies and know embodied life, as though for the first time.“ 📖 Peter Levine (2010). In an Unspoken Voice: How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness. ❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed. ❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

2 months ago

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“Cognition is embodied insofar as it emerges not from an intricately unfolding cognitive program, but from a dynamic dance in which body, perception, and world guide each other’s steps.” I love this beautiful quote by Lawrence Shapiro who wrote about the groundbreaking research by Esther Thelen.

Esther Thelen’s research and theoretical work in early motor and cognitive development deeply influenced my scientific work in developmental psychology and my thinking on embodied cognitive science. She researched babies’ exploration of the world through movement. In her view, babies learn to reach for things and to crawl because of their inherent motivation to explore their surrounding. We all come to this world with intrinsic motivation and curiosity ✨

Traditional cognitive psychology cared a lot about the brain and treated our thinking and remembering like calculations. As if our brains would be like computers!

However, we humans are biological beings. We have a sensing body, we live in a physical world and interact with other physical beings. Around our brain, there is a body, and around our bodies, there is a world.

We are embedded in this world - no being is an island. No brain is an island. Our whole being in the world is informed by our body. We perceive with our bodies, we navigate the world with our bodies and we interact with others through our bodies.

📖 Lawrence Shapiro (2011). Embodied Cognition. Routledge.

❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed.

❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

janna.gottwald

•

“Cognition is embodied insofar as it emerges not from an intricately unfolding cognitive program, but from a dynamic dance in which body, perception, and world guide each other’s steps.” I love this beautiful quote by Lawrence Shapiro who wrote about the groundbreaking research by Esther Thelen. Esther Thelen’s research and theoretical work in early motor and cognitive development deeply influenced my scientific work in developmental psychology and my thinking on embodied cognitive science. She researched babies’ exploration of the world through movement. In her view, babies learn to reach for things and to crawl because of their inherent motivation to explore their surrounding. We all come to this world with intrinsic motivation and curiosity ✨ Traditional cognitive psychology cared a lot about the brain and treated our thinking and remembering like calculations. As if our brains would be like computers! However, we humans are biological beings. We have a sensing body, we live in a physical world and interact with other physical beings. Around our brain, there is a body, and around our bodies, there is a world. We are embedded in this world - no being is an island. No brain is an island. Our whole being in the world is informed by our body. We perceive with our bodies, we navigate the world with our bodies and we interact with others through our bodies. 📖 Lawrence Shapiro (2011). Embodied Cognition. Routledge. ❤️ Save this post to come back to it whenever needed. ❤️ Follow @janna.gottwald for more content on embodiment, childhood trauma and how our early years relate to mental health as adults.

2 months ago

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Dr. Janna Gottwald-Stridbeck, Dipl.-Psych.

Psychologist | Psychotherapist in training | Educator 🇬🇧🇸🇪🇩🇪

[publication] The Developing Bodily Self